Topic: A Plan to Keep Carbon in Check
Author: Roberth H. Socolow and Stephen W. Pacala.
My Points:
Author: Roberth H. Socolow and Stephen W. Pacala.
My Points:
- Today the world's coal, oil and natural gas industries dig up and pump out about 7 billion tons of carbon a year, and society burns nearly all of it releasing carbon dioxide.
- More people are convinced that prudence dictates a reversal of the present course of rising CO2 emissions.
- The boundary separating the truly dangerous consequences of emission from the merely unwise is probably located near a doubling of the concentration of CO2 that was in the atmosphere in the 18th century.
- The past 30 years for the next 50 years, reaching 14 billion tons of carbon a year in 2056.
- The ration of emissions to dollars of gross world product, known as the carbon intensity of the global economy, fell about 1.5 percent a year.
- The task of holding global emission constant would be out of reach, were it not for the fact that all the driving and flying in 2056 will be vehicles not yet designed,.
- Holding carbon dioxide emissions constant for 50 years, without chocking off economic growth, is within our grasp.
- World fleet size in 2056 could well be two billion cars. Assume they average 10k miles a year.
- Large is one gigawatt capacity.
- Plants run 90 percent of the time.
- Here and below, assume coal plants run 90 percent of the time at 50 percent efficient.
- Present coal power output is equivalent to 800 such plants.
- Ansume 90 percent of COs is captured.
- Assume a car (10,000 miles a year, 60 miles per gallon equivalent) requires 170 kilograms of hydrogen a year.
- Assume 30 million barrels of synfuels a day, about a third of today’s total oil production.
- Assume half of carbon originally in the coal is captured
- Assume wind and solar produce, on average, 30 percent of peak power. Thus replace 2,100 GW of 90-percent-time coal power with 2,100 GW (peak) wind or solar plus 1,400 GW of load-following coal power, for net displacement of 700 GW.
- Assume 60-mpg cars, 10,000 miles a year, biomass yield of 15 tons a hectare, and negligible fossil-fuel inputs. World cropland is 1,500 million hectares.
- Carbon emissions from deforestation are currently about two billion tons a year.
- Assume that by 2056 the rate falls by half in the business-as-usual projection and to zero in the f lat path.
Author's Point:
After reading this Article, the authors point for this article is the world will have fossil-fuel energy system about as large as today's but one that is infused with modern controls and advanced materials and that is almost unrecognizable cleaner. There will be integrated production of power, fuels and heat; greatly reduced air and water pollution ; and extensive carbon capture. Alongside the fossil energy system will be a nonfossil energy system approximately as large. Extensive direct and indirect harvesting of renewable energy will have brought about the revitalization of rural areas and the reclamation of degraded lands. A planetary consciousness will have grown. Humanity will have learned to address its collective destiny and to share the planet.
After reading this Article, the authors point for this article is the world will have fossil-fuel energy system about as large as today's but one that is infused with modern controls and advanced materials and that is almost unrecognizable cleaner. There will be integrated production of power, fuels and heat; greatly reduced air and water pollution ; and extensive carbon capture. Alongside the fossil energy system will be a nonfossil energy system approximately as large. Extensive direct and indirect harvesting of renewable energy will have brought about the revitalization of rural areas and the reclamation of degraded lands. A planetary consciousness will have grown. Humanity will have learned to address its collective destiny and to share the planet.
My thought's:
My thoughts after reading this article and thinking of the life in the future really gave me an idea to be ready for it. But many of us will have a choice either if we want to move to a better life and easier modern type of lifestyle or similar and horrible condition. We all know that changing and re-doing stuffed to make it better takes a lot of time and dedication to be perfect. Not many things will be perfect because their is a lot of things will have either good and bad for the environment. I'm really hoping about this year 2056 and will be exited of the new earth will turn out.
My thoughts after reading this article and thinking of the life in the future really gave me an idea to be ready for it. But many of us will have a choice either if we want to move to a better life and easier modern type of lifestyle or similar and horrible condition. We all know that changing and re-doing stuffed to make it better takes a lot of time and dedication to be perfect. Not many things will be perfect because their is a lot of things will have either good and bad for the environment. I'm really hoping about this year 2056 and will be exited of the new earth will turn out.
So what?
We either change the environment now or it's too late.
Says who?
JFrancis
What if?
Many of this new invention to make the planet weren't important for us? Then probably we would all die early.
What this remind me of?
Lorax
We either change the environment now or it's too late.
Says who?
JFrancis
What if?
Many of this new invention to make the planet weren't important for us? Then probably we would all die early.
What this remind me of?
Lorax