A: List the major ideas, concepts or key points-point by point:-Wetlands also have commercial andutilitarian functions.
-Conservationists favored this strategy, until they concluded that most of the efforts had a slim chance for success.
-Mahogany is the most valuable species in tropical Americas. 1980- International Tropical Timber -Organization selected Chimanes Forest as model site for sustainable management.
-Mahogany seedlings grew and prospered only after sizable natural disturbances. In Chimanes Region, young mahogany trees stood only near rivers, where there were floods.
-Disturbances dispersed pockets where seedlings could grow. Produced group of trees of approx. uniform age and size. Aspect of mahogany was alarming, meant that uncontrolled logging would obliterate older stands.
-Worries exacerbated by realization that there would be little natural growth to replace the harvested trees. With no natural growth, human intervention would be needed to maintain the mahogany.
-How could a helping hand be provided? Loggers could create proper conditions for mahogany to grow by mimicking nature and clearing large openings in the forest, but effort would be enormous and judging from previous attempts, costly periodic "thinnings" would be needed to remove competing vegetation.
-Efforts would disturb the whole forest.
-Timber companies had no economic incentive to invest in sustainable management. Less than one eight of 1% of world's tropical production forest were operating on sustained-yield basis as of late 1980s.
-Logging rapidly harvests the most highly valued trees. Number of species may be as low as one or as high as 80 to 90.
-Logging companies show no concern for condition of residual stands and makes no investment in regeneration
-In deciding whether to restrict harvests, companies face a choice between immediately cutting down trees and bank profits, or delay the harvest to allow the stand to grow in volume and value over time.
-If choosing the first option, the company would harvest the tree asap, invest the proceeds and earn the rate of return. Risks are considerable and capital is scarce, real interest rates are higher in developing countries than industrial countries. Companies that rapidly harvest their assets can invest their profits immediately.
-Benefits of delaying harvest is small. Price increases for mahogany averaged 1% a year. Average annual growth in volume of commercial sized mahogany trees is less than 4 percent. Combo of slow growth and modest price increases means that mahogany trees rise in value annually by 4 to 5 percent.
-Physical effects of logging on the forest as a whole is mild. One or two mahogany trees grow in 10-hectare plot. Road building, felling and log removal disrupts less than 5% of land. Current logging practice is estimated to do less damage than some forms of sustainable management.
-Conservationists favored this strategy, until they concluded that most of the efforts had a slim chance for success.
-Mahogany is the most valuable species in tropical Americas. 1980- International Tropical Timber -Organization selected Chimanes Forest as model site for sustainable management.
-Mahogany seedlings grew and prospered only after sizable natural disturbances. In Chimanes Region, young mahogany trees stood only near rivers, where there were floods.
-Disturbances dispersed pockets where seedlings could grow. Produced group of trees of approx. uniform age and size. Aspect of mahogany was alarming, meant that uncontrolled logging would obliterate older stands.
-Worries exacerbated by realization that there would be little natural growth to replace the harvested trees. With no natural growth, human intervention would be needed to maintain the mahogany.
-How could a helping hand be provided? Loggers could create proper conditions for mahogany to grow by mimicking nature and clearing large openings in the forest, but effort would be enormous and judging from previous attempts, costly periodic "thinnings" would be needed to remove competing vegetation.
-Efforts would disturb the whole forest.
-Timber companies had no economic incentive to invest in sustainable management. Less than one eight of 1% of world's tropical production forest were operating on sustained-yield basis as of late 1980s.
-Logging rapidly harvests the most highly valued trees. Number of species may be as low as one or as high as 80 to 90.
-Logging companies show no concern for condition of residual stands and makes no investment in regeneration
-In deciding whether to restrict harvests, companies face a choice between immediately cutting down trees and bank profits, or delay the harvest to allow the stand to grow in volume and value over time.
-If choosing the first option, the company would harvest the tree asap, invest the proceeds and earn the rate of return. Risks are considerable and capital is scarce, real interest rates are higher in developing countries than industrial countries. Companies that rapidly harvest their assets can invest their profits immediately.
-Benefits of delaying harvest is small. Price increases for mahogany averaged 1% a year. Average annual growth in volume of commercial sized mahogany trees is less than 4 percent. Combo of slow growth and modest price increases means that mahogany trees rise in value annually by 4 to 5 percent.
-Physical effects of logging on the forest as a whole is mild. One or two mahogany trees grow in 10-hectare plot. Road building, felling and log removal disrupts less than 5% of land. Current logging practice is estimated to do less damage than some forms of sustainable management.
B:Summarize the AUTHOR's main point or idea - at LEAST 1-2 paragraphs:
Deforestation in the tropics continue in vast amounts due to widespread logging. Logging companies have to decide what to do. One option is to harvest the trees immediately and invest in the proceeds. The other way is to delay the harvesting of the trees, in this case mahogany which allows it to regenerate it's population. Harvesting the trees immediately is 2-5 times profitable than letting the trees regrow, compared to the benefits of letting the tree regrow. The immediate harvesting will make companies happy, but not environmentalists. The limit of the tree harvesting will not profit the companies but make the environmentalists happy.
Deforestation in the tropics continue in vast amounts due to widespread logging. Logging companies have to decide what to do. One option is to harvest the trees immediately and invest in the proceeds. The other way is to delay the harvesting of the trees, in this case mahogany which allows it to regenerate it's population. Harvesting the trees immediately is 2-5 times profitable than letting the trees regrow, compared to the benefits of letting the tree regrow. The immediate harvesting will make companies happy, but not environmentalists. The limit of the tree harvesting will not profit the companies but make the environmentalists happy.
C:Write a reaction paragraph to the article stating your own thoughts on the topic:
I think the problem regarding the logging companies and environmentalists is a big. One option will make the logging companies happy and not satisfy the environmentalists. I agree with the authors when they say that there should be a way to limit the number of trees cut, but at the same time create a profit for the logging companies. With a way of doing this I think this may solve the problem of deforestation by logging, but still won't find a way to protect the trees from disasters such as fire.
I think the problem regarding the logging companies and environmentalists is a big. One option will make the logging companies happy and not satisfy the environmentalists. I agree with the authors when they say that there should be a way to limit the number of trees cut, but at the same time create a profit for the logging companies. With a way of doing this I think this may solve the problem of deforestation by logging, but still won't find a way to protect the trees from disasters such as fire.
So what?
If we keep abusing our trees then we wouldn't have some for the future.
Says who?
Raymond E. Gullison
What if?
There would be the profits for the companies for a while, until all the mahogany is gone which will lead to the company to resort to another tree species.
What does this remind me of?
Lorax
If we keep abusing our trees then we wouldn't have some for the future.
Says who?
Raymond E. Gullison
What if?
There would be the profits for the companies for a while, until all the mahogany is gone which will lead to the company to resort to another tree species.
What does this remind me of?
Lorax