1. What is biological diversity? Biological Diversity is the variety of lie-forms, commonly expressed as the number of species or numbers of genetic types.
2. What is a population? A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area or interbreeding and sharing genetic information.
3. What is a species? All individuals that are capable of interbreeding.
4. What are the 9 reasons why people value biodiversity? Utilitarian, Public service, ecological, moral, theological, aesthetic, recreational, spiritual and creative.
Define the following:
-Genetic Diversity: Total number of genetic characteristics of a specific species.
-Habitat Diversity: Different kinds of habitat in a given unit area.
-Species Diversity: Is which in turn has 3 qualities
-Species Richness: Total number of species
-Species Evenness: Relative abundance of species
-Dominant Species: Most abundant species.
5. What are the 3 main domains of life? Eukaryota, Bacteria and Archaea.
6. What is biological evolution? The change in inherted characteristics of a population from generation to generation.
7. What causes mutations? Is caused in the genes. The traits and genes create the future generation species.
8. What is natural selection? What are the 4 primary factors involved in natural selection? Natural selection is the process of increasing the proportion of offspring. Inheritance of traits from one generation to the next and some variation in these traits. Environmental variability, differential reproduction, the influence of the environment on survival and reproduction are the 4 primary factors.
1. Discuss the issue with Malaria, Mosquito and DDT resistance and how this demonstrates natural selection. Malaria is a disease that is caused by the bites of mosquitoes and it is common in 90 countries. After World War 2, scientists discovered the pesticide DDT which killed the mosquitoes. But some of the mosquitoes were able to survive. It represents natural selection due to the fact that naturally immune reproduce and pass their immune genes to the next generation.
1. How does Darwin’s Finches demonstrate the idea of Adaptive Radiation? Darwin found many species of finches that were related to a single species found elsewhere.
2. Define: Genetic Drift, Is the change in the frequency of a gene in a population not due to mutation, selection or migration.
3. What is the Founder Effect and how does it demonstrate Genetic Drift? The founder effect occurs when a small number of individuals are isolated from a large population.
In summary, the theory of biological evolution tells us the following about biodiversity:
1-Biological diversity is always changing and species are present in any one location and it can change over time.
2-Species adapt in response to environmental conditions and complexity is a part of nature.
3-Species and population do become geographically isolated form time to time.
4-Species are always evolving and adapting to environmental changes.
1)Explain how the introduction of the American Gray Squirrel into Great Britain demonstrates the Competitive Exclusion Principle. The American gray squirrel and the red squirrel both need the same thing in the same habitat. Which eventually caused the red squirrel to have population growth.
1. What is an ecological niche? Is how so many species can coexist, the concept is introduced mostly by experiments.
2. What is the difference between a fundamental and realized niche? Fundamental niche is the niche range that where a species can thrive without competition. While the realized niche is the niche range that where a species can thrive with competition.
1. In ecology, symbiosis describes a relationship between two organisms that is beneficial to both- each partner in symbiosis is called a: Symbiotic
2. What is an obligate symbiotic? When symbiotic each provide what they need and neither could survive without the other.
3. Explain the symbiotic relationship between people and dogs. Dogs can be friendly, helpful and companionable to people , in return humans reward them.
1. Explain how predication and parasitism actually helps increase species diversity in an ecosystem. Species will out compete one another. If there is a predator, the predator will eat the winner and have the number dwindle.
1. In general, greater diversity occurs. At low latitudes.
2. What geographic factors affect species biodiversity? Soil type, topography, aspect, elevation and nearness to a drainage basin.
3. How can moderate environmental disturbances increase diversity? It can create new areas allowing different species to thrive in those disturbed areas.
4. How do people affect diversity? Explain. From urbanization, industrialization, and agriculture by decreasing it.
1. Define and give an example of each of the following:
-Convergent Evolution: When species become similar and alike from similar climates.
-Divergent Evolution: When a population is divided into 2 by a geographic barrier and each evolve separately.
1. What are the 4 main principles in the theory of island biogeography?
1-Islands have fewer species than countries.
2-New species from islands come from evolution and migration from the mainland
3-The smaller the island is the less the species are
4-The farther the island, the fewer species
2. What is an ecological island? Is a small island habitat that is separated from a similar bigger habitat of the same kind.
3. Why do introduced species often become pests? Because of the disease and competition. New diseases that are introduced to the species bring are often new to an existing population in an area and are often hard treated.
2. What is a population? A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area or interbreeding and sharing genetic information.
3. What is a species? All individuals that are capable of interbreeding.
4. What are the 9 reasons why people value biodiversity? Utilitarian, Public service, ecological, moral, theological, aesthetic, recreational, spiritual and creative.
Define the following:
-Genetic Diversity: Total number of genetic characteristics of a specific species.
-Habitat Diversity: Different kinds of habitat in a given unit area.
-Species Diversity: Is which in turn has 3 qualities
-Species Richness: Total number of species
-Species Evenness: Relative abundance of species
-Dominant Species: Most abundant species.
5. What are the 3 main domains of life? Eukaryota, Bacteria and Archaea.
6. What is biological evolution? The change in inherted characteristics of a population from generation to generation.
7. What causes mutations? Is caused in the genes. The traits and genes create the future generation species.
8. What is natural selection? What are the 4 primary factors involved in natural selection? Natural selection is the process of increasing the proportion of offspring. Inheritance of traits from one generation to the next and some variation in these traits. Environmental variability, differential reproduction, the influence of the environment on survival and reproduction are the 4 primary factors.
1. Discuss the issue with Malaria, Mosquito and DDT resistance and how this demonstrates natural selection. Malaria is a disease that is caused by the bites of mosquitoes and it is common in 90 countries. After World War 2, scientists discovered the pesticide DDT which killed the mosquitoes. But some of the mosquitoes were able to survive. It represents natural selection due to the fact that naturally immune reproduce and pass their immune genes to the next generation.
1. How does Darwin’s Finches demonstrate the idea of Adaptive Radiation? Darwin found many species of finches that were related to a single species found elsewhere.
2. Define: Genetic Drift, Is the change in the frequency of a gene in a population not due to mutation, selection or migration.
3. What is the Founder Effect and how does it demonstrate Genetic Drift? The founder effect occurs when a small number of individuals are isolated from a large population.
In summary, the theory of biological evolution tells us the following about biodiversity:
1-Biological diversity is always changing and species are present in any one location and it can change over time.
2-Species adapt in response to environmental conditions and complexity is a part of nature.
3-Species and population do become geographically isolated form time to time.
4-Species are always evolving and adapting to environmental changes.
1)Explain how the introduction of the American Gray Squirrel into Great Britain demonstrates the Competitive Exclusion Principle. The American gray squirrel and the red squirrel both need the same thing in the same habitat. Which eventually caused the red squirrel to have population growth.
1. What is an ecological niche? Is how so many species can coexist, the concept is introduced mostly by experiments.
2. What is the difference between a fundamental and realized niche? Fundamental niche is the niche range that where a species can thrive without competition. While the realized niche is the niche range that where a species can thrive with competition.
1. In ecology, symbiosis describes a relationship between two organisms that is beneficial to both- each partner in symbiosis is called a: Symbiotic
2. What is an obligate symbiotic? When symbiotic each provide what they need and neither could survive without the other.
3. Explain the symbiotic relationship between people and dogs. Dogs can be friendly, helpful and companionable to people , in return humans reward them.
1. Explain how predication and parasitism actually helps increase species diversity in an ecosystem. Species will out compete one another. If there is a predator, the predator will eat the winner and have the number dwindle.
1. In general, greater diversity occurs. At low latitudes.
2. What geographic factors affect species biodiversity? Soil type, topography, aspect, elevation and nearness to a drainage basin.
3. How can moderate environmental disturbances increase diversity? It can create new areas allowing different species to thrive in those disturbed areas.
4. How do people affect diversity? Explain. From urbanization, industrialization, and agriculture by decreasing it.
1. Define and give an example of each of the following:
-Convergent Evolution: When species become similar and alike from similar climates.
-Divergent Evolution: When a population is divided into 2 by a geographic barrier and each evolve separately.
1. What are the 4 main principles in the theory of island biogeography?
1-Islands have fewer species than countries.
2-New species from islands come from evolution and migration from the mainland
3-The smaller the island is the less the species are
4-The farther the island, the fewer species
2. What is an ecological island? Is a small island habitat that is separated from a similar bigger habitat of the same kind.
3. Why do introduced species often become pests? Because of the disease and competition. New diseases that are introduced to the species bring are often new to an existing population in an area and are often hard treated.