Definition:-Natural, gradual changes in the types of species that live in an area; can be primary or secondary.
-The gradual replacement of one plant community by another through natural processes over time.
Primary Succession:
- Begins in a place without any soil
– Sides of volcanoes
– Landslides
– Flooding
- Starts with the arrival of living things such as lichens that do not need soil to survive
- Called PIONEER SPECIES.
Lichens:
Symbiotic relationship between algae and
fungus
• The algal or cyanobacterial cells are photosynthetic, and as in plants they reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide into organic carbon sugars to feed both symbionts.
• The fungus provides support, water and minerals from the substrate for the algae.
Lichens-Pioneer Species:
Lichens help to break down hard substrate, providing nutrients to the soil
-When lichens die, they further help to create a nutrient rich soil
-Lichens are also called “indicator species”- they are sensitive to changes in environment (air pollution, soil pollution, water pollution, etc.)
Secondary Succession:
-Begins in a place that already has soil and was once the home of living organisms
-Occurs faster and has different pioneer species than primary succession
-Example: after forest fires
Climax Community:
-A stable group of plants and animals that is the end result of the succession process
-Does not always mean big trees
–Grasses in prairies
–Cacti in deserts
Activity:
1. How is primary succession different from secondary succession?
The primary succession is different from secondary succession is because primary succession occurs on ground which had no previous vegetation, including lava flows, bare rock and sand dune and the secondary follows the destruction or modification of existing vegetation, either naturally or by human activity.
2.What impact do humans have on succession?
Humans can impact succession in a number of ways by suspending succession in one phase or another or by causing an event that restarts the succession cycle
Forest Primary Succession:
3. What causes this primary succession? List at least two other examples of primary
succession you can think of.
-Erosion
-Physiography
-Elevation and subsidence
4. What are the 1st species to arrive after the succession event?
The 1st species to arrive after the succession event are the plants.
5. How does the rate of secondary succession compare to primary succession? Why do
they differ? Explain.
I think they are different because since secondary succession has soil and primary doesn't so it gives the secondary more faster rate.
8. Fire is one cause of secondary succession. List at least 4 other examples of secondary
succession.
-Climate
-Physiography
-Biotic factor
-Flood
9. Imagine a lawn on campus or in someone’s yard. Are there any examples of
succession there now? If no one maintained it for five years, what might it look like?
What would it look like after 10 years? 50? 100?
Well like on the video if the lawn wasn't taking care off and no one will control it's grass growing. Then the grass will start to spread out of places and as the time pass by the grass will start to form as a forest or bigger plant and organism such as insects might move in to that lawn as it grow.
-The gradual replacement of one plant community by another through natural processes over time.
Primary Succession:
- Begins in a place without any soil
– Sides of volcanoes
– Landslides
– Flooding
- Starts with the arrival of living things such as lichens that do not need soil to survive
- Called PIONEER SPECIES.
Lichens:
Symbiotic relationship between algae and
fungus
• The algal or cyanobacterial cells are photosynthetic, and as in plants they reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide into organic carbon sugars to feed both symbionts.
• The fungus provides support, water and minerals from the substrate for the algae.
Lichens-Pioneer Species:
Lichens help to break down hard substrate, providing nutrients to the soil
-When lichens die, they further help to create a nutrient rich soil
-Lichens are also called “indicator species”- they are sensitive to changes in environment (air pollution, soil pollution, water pollution, etc.)
Secondary Succession:
-Begins in a place that already has soil and was once the home of living organisms
-Occurs faster and has different pioneer species than primary succession
-Example: after forest fires
Climax Community:
-A stable group of plants and animals that is the end result of the succession process
-Does not always mean big trees
–Grasses in prairies
–Cacti in deserts
Activity:
1. How is primary succession different from secondary succession?
The primary succession is different from secondary succession is because primary succession occurs on ground which had no previous vegetation, including lava flows, bare rock and sand dune and the secondary follows the destruction or modification of existing vegetation, either naturally or by human activity.
2.What impact do humans have on succession?
Humans can impact succession in a number of ways by suspending succession in one phase or another or by causing an event that restarts the succession cycle
Forest Primary Succession:
3. What causes this primary succession? List at least two other examples of primary
succession you can think of.
-Erosion
-Physiography
-Elevation and subsidence
4. What are the 1st species to arrive after the succession event?
The 1st species to arrive after the succession event are the plants.
5. How does the rate of secondary succession compare to primary succession? Why do
they differ? Explain.
I think they are different because since secondary succession has soil and primary doesn't so it gives the secondary more faster rate.
8. Fire is one cause of secondary succession. List at least 4 other examples of secondary
succession.
-Climate
-Physiography
-Biotic factor
-Flood
9. Imagine a lawn on campus or in someone’s yard. Are there any examples of
succession there now? If no one maintained it for five years, what might it look like?
What would it look like after 10 years? 50? 100?
Well like on the video if the lawn wasn't taking care off and no one will control it's grass growing. Then the grass will start to spread out of places and as the time pass by the grass will start to form as a forest or bigger plant and organism such as insects might move in to that lawn as it grow.