AP Environmental Science!
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  • Introduction to APES!
    • #Unit 1>
      • The Lorax vs. Easter Island!
      • Happy Fishing Lab - Tragedy of the Common Question!
      • Justification for Preserving the Environment!
      • Human Footprint!
      • Earth Day Network Footprint Calculator!
      • APES -"The Story of Stuff"!
      • Chapter 2: Science As a Way Of Knowing!
      • The case of the Ivory-Billed Woodpecker!
    • #Unit 2>
      • Chapter 6: Biogeochemical Cycles!
      • Cycling Web Quest!
      • Carbon Cycle
      • Dissolved Oxygen Lab!
      • Terrestrial Biomes- Study Guide!
      • Wet Lands Article!
      • The Fish and The Forest!
      • Water Cycle
      • Nitrogen Passport!
      • Ocean Acidification- Laboratory Report!
      • Dangers of Ocean Acidification!
      • Chapter 3- Guided Reading!
      • Enriching the Sea to Death!
      • Aquatic Ecosystem- Study Guide!
      • Intro to Biomes!
      • Life in the Ocean - Article!
      • An earth without people! - Article!
      • Mt. St. Helens: Back from the dead video worksheet!
      • Ecological Succession Notes/Activity!
      • Nitrogen Cycle
      • The Ocean's Invisible Forest!
    • #Unit 3>
      • Unit #3 -Presentation and Study Guide!
      • Bozeman Science: Ecosystems Guided Viewing
      • Food Thought!
      • Oh Deer Lab!
      • Bornoe Video! - Question
      • Natural Selection Guided Viewing!
      • Population Guided Viewing!
      • Communities Guided Viewing!
      • Chapter #5- Guided Reading!
      • Keystone Species- Notes
      • Chapter #8- Guided Reading!
      • Biodiversity- Guided Reading!
      • Reproductive Isolation & Speciation Guided Viewing
      • Exponential & Logistic Growth- Guided Viewing!
      • Biodiversity Hotspots Activity!
      • Galapagos Case Study
      • R and K Selection Guided Viewing
      • Ecosystems on the Brink Summary & Discussion
      • How Big Is My Population?
      • Something Fishy- Lab report
      • Comparing Biodiversity: Spider's, Spider's Everywhere!
      • Gorillas in the Mist- Reflection
      • Endangered Species New's Letter!
      • Wanted Poster!
    • #Unit 4>
      • Apes in a Box: Endangered Species
      • Fishing Harvesting Technique
      • Threats to Biodiversity- Guided Viewing Worksheet
      • Bushmeat DNA Blast Assignment
      • Grasslands and Range lands: Guided Reading
      • Mapping the National Park
      • Case Study: Corridors
      • When a Tree Falls Illegally in the Forest Writing Assignment
      • Which species will live? - Article Review!
      • Can sustanaible management help save tropical forest? - Article Review
      • On the termination of species! - Article Review
      • Saving the honeybee! - Article Review
      • Conservation for the people! - Article Review
    • #Unit 5>
      • Environmental History and Law - Guided Viewing
      • Response to "Silent Spring"
      • Botkin and Keller Chapter 7
      • The Omnivore's Dilemma Part 1
    • #Unit 6>
      • Chapter 4 - Guided Reading!
      • Four Stages of Demographics!
      • Chapter 27 - Guided Review!
      • Urban Heat Island Guided Viewing!
      • Human Population GV Worksheet!
      • The Human Population Grows Up
      • Demographic Transition Video
      • Population, Poverty and the Local Environment!
      • How Green is My City
    • #Unit 7>
      • Human Population and Carrying Capacity!
      • Kermit or Kermette Case!
      • Chapter 10 - Guided Reading!
      • Toxicology Problem Set
      • Lungs Toxicology Problem Set
      • Home Toxin Audit!
      • Toxin's in your Neighborhood!
      • The Story of Cosmetics Notes!
      • The Story of Electronics Notes!
      • Radioactive Smoke!
      • Tuna for Lunch- Case Study
      • Risk Survey
      • Lead Shot in Trumpeter Swans
      • Chapter #23 - Guided Reading!
      • Solid & Hazardous Waste PPT
      • Arsenic in Drinking Water
      • Water Quality Index
      • Recycle City
      • Fast Food Wasteland Project
      • Landfilll Notes
      • The Dangers of Plastic Bags
      • Addicted to Plastics - Newsletter
      • Rescue Worker's Dilemma -Case Study
      • LD- 50 Lab Report
      • Radon Notes/Guided Viewing
      • Excessive Packaging! - Article
      • Water Pollution Notes
      • Decibel Dilemma- Article
      • Omnivore's Dilemma- Chapter #2
    • #Unit 8>
      • Chapter #19 - Guided Reading
      • Fracking Article
      • Bioremediation Assignment!
      • Virtual Water Testing Lab
      • Using Invertebrates for Water Indicators
      • Poison in the Rockies Reflection
      • Wading in Wasting - Article
      • Mountain Removal Webquest
      • Clean Energy from Filthy Water - Article
      • Gasland Summary
      • Chapter #18 Guided Reading
      • Water Diversions Webquest
      • Blue Gold: Water Wards, Reflection
      • Water Footprint Calculator
      • Down Go the Dams - Article
      • Facing the Freshwater Crisis - Article
      • The Horse and the Urban Environment
    • Unit #10>
      • Chapter #11 - Guided Viewing Worksheet
      • Phosporus - A Looming Crisis
      • Soil Profile - Video notes
      • Dirt: The Movie - Video Notes
      • APES in a Box: Soil Pyramid - Video Notes
      • Food, Inc - Video Notes
      • The Omnivore's Dilemma - Chapter #4
      • Lab: Soil Column Lab
    • Spring Break Assignments>
      • "Harvest of Fear" - Guided Viewing Worksheet & Persuasive Essay
      • Guess What's Coming to Dinner - Take Notes
      • Should We Grow GM Crops?
      • Engineer a Crop
      • Integrated Pest Management & Biological Pest Control
      • Micheal Pollan Notes
      • Could Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization? - Article
      • Climate Change Book
    • Unit #9>
      • Chapter #20 - PPT & Notes
      • Worksheet: Carbon Cycle & The Greenhouse Effect
      • A Plan to Keep Carbon in Check
      • Ozone - Online Assignment
      • Smog City Activity
      • An Inconvenient Truth - Reflection
      • The Green House Hamburger - Article
      • The Ocean and Weather - Article
    • Unit #11>
      • Chapter #14-15 - Guided Reading!
      • Article: The Artic Oil & Wildlife Refuge
      • Home Energy Audit
      • Apes in the box: Fossil Fuels
      • Chapter 16-17 - Guided Review
      • Energy Comparison Chart/Energy Review Sheet
      • The False Promise of Biofuels
      • The Rise of Renewable Energy
    • Unit #12>
      • The Omnivore’s Dilemma Chapter #5- Reading Guide
      • The Omnivore’s Dilemma Chapter #6 - Guided Reading
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Keystone Species Notes:
-Key Stone is  a species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically.
- Contribute to the soil and water quality.
-Species in an ecosystem (habitat) rely on each other. Contributions of the keystone species is larger to the other species contributions to the habitat. Small numbers of keystone species can be a huge impact on the environment.
-Keystone species are often predators. Predators can control distribution and population of prey species.
-The disappearance of the keystone species will create a domino effect. After the keystone species are gone, the other species will also be gone and will become extinct. The keystone species disappearance could affect other species that rely on it to survive.
-Without the keystone species, new plants/animals could come out into the habitat and push out native species. 
-The theory that ecosystem balance can rely on one keystone species was established in 1969 by Robert T. Paine. His research shows that removing one species had a huge effect on the surrounding ecosystem.
-Not only carnivores can be keystone species, but herbivore can be a keystone species also.
-There are other categories of species that are crucial to the sustainability of an ecosystem: Foundation, Umbrella, and Indicator.
-Foundation Species: Plays a major role in creating or maintaining a habitat that supports other species.
-Umbrella Species: Large animal/other organism in which many other species depend. Similar to keystone species, but this species are migratory and need a large habitat.
-Grasses have more nutrients for species such as bison and elk.
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