A: List the major ideas, concepts or key points-point by point:-Wetlands also have commercial andutilitarian functions.
-Dave migrated with his family and bees from central Pennsylvania to central Florida. The bees finished pollination on blooming Pennsylvanian pumpkin fields.
-Checked on the bees they were "boiling over"
-After a month, the remaining colony had lost large numbers of workers. Young workers and queen remained healthy. Half of 3,000 bee hives devoid of bees.
-Hackenberg's colonies stopped dying the following spring, but 800 of original 3,000 colonies survived.
-Survey conducted said that 1/4 of U.S beekeepers suffered similar losses and more than 30% of all colonies died.
-Next winter die off expanded, hitting 36 percent.
-Bee loss raised alarms. 1/3 of world agriculture production depends on the European Honeybee: Apis mellifera.
-Collaboration ruled out causes for CCD and found many contributing factors. No single problem has been found. Bees with CCD are infested with pathogens including a newly discovered virus, but infections seem secondary.
-Picture emerging is a complex condition triggered by different combinations of causes.
-No easy remedy to CCD. Requires taking better care of the environment and making long-term changes to beekeeping.
-CCD won't cause honeybees to go extinct. If skills of beekeepers low, then nearly 100 of our crops could be left without pollination. Large scale production of certain crops could be impossible, such as fruits and vegetables like apples, blueberries,broccoli and almonds could become rare to find.
-Hackenbergs vanishing bees lead the authors to think that the cause was varroa mites.
-The parasites were responsible for 45 percent drop in number of managed bee colonies worldwide between 1987 and 2006.
-Tests also detected usual suspects in bee disease. Gut contents were found spores of nosema, single-celled fungal parasites that can cause bee dysentery.
-Spores counts in samples were not high enough to explain losses. Molecular analysis by Diana Cox
-Foster revealed surprising levels of viral infections of various known types. No single pathogen found in the insects could explain scale of disappearance.
-Bees were all sick, but each colony seemed to suffer from different combination of diseases.
-Authors hypothesized that something had compromised bees' immune system, making them susceptible to any number of infections that normal colonies can fend off.
-Spring 2007- authors task force began countrywide surveys of all aspects of colony management, interviewing operators that encountered CCD and those that haven't.
-One theory favored was that bees were poisoned by pollen from genetically modified crops, specifically Bt crops.
-The crops have a gene for insecticidal toxin. But the toxin only becomes activated in guts of caterpillars, mosquitoes and some beetles. Digestive tracts of the bees don't allow Bt to work.
-Another theory is blaming synthetic poisons. Two main suspects were acaricides, the chemicals beekeepers use to control mites and pesticides. Either could be on pollinated crops.
-By 2006, there were newer types of pesticides that replaced older ones. One was neonicotinoids, being blamed by beekeepers in France for harming insect pollinators.
Other experts suspected that bees' natural defense might bee undermined by poor nutrition.
-Honeybees no longer have the same number or variety of flowers available because humans tried to "neaten" the environment.
-To bees and other pollinators, green lawns look like deserts. Diets of honeybees that pollinate large acreages of one crop may lack important nutrients, compared to pollinators that feed from multiples. -Beekeepers attempted to manage the concerns by developing protein supplements to feed colonies, but have not prevented CCD.
With no dead bees to study, the team decided to collect live bees from apiaries in the midst of collapse. -Bees were collected in alcohol for varroa and nosema counts.
-Broad-spectrum analysis, sensitive to insecticides, herbicides and fungicides found more than 170 different chemicals. Most stored pollen samples contained 5 or more different compounds, and some contained as many as 35.
-But although both levels and diversity of chemicals are of concern, none is the cause of CCD. Healthy colonies sometimes had higher levels of some chemicals than colonies with CCD.
-Dave migrated with his family and bees from central Pennsylvania to central Florida. The bees finished pollination on blooming Pennsylvanian pumpkin fields.
-Checked on the bees they were "boiling over"
-After a month, the remaining colony had lost large numbers of workers. Young workers and queen remained healthy. Half of 3,000 bee hives devoid of bees.
-Hackenberg's colonies stopped dying the following spring, but 800 of original 3,000 colonies survived.
-Survey conducted said that 1/4 of U.S beekeepers suffered similar losses and more than 30% of all colonies died.
-Next winter die off expanded, hitting 36 percent.
-Bee loss raised alarms. 1/3 of world agriculture production depends on the European Honeybee: Apis mellifera.
-Collaboration ruled out causes for CCD and found many contributing factors. No single problem has been found. Bees with CCD are infested with pathogens including a newly discovered virus, but infections seem secondary.
-Picture emerging is a complex condition triggered by different combinations of causes.
-No easy remedy to CCD. Requires taking better care of the environment and making long-term changes to beekeeping.
-CCD won't cause honeybees to go extinct. If skills of beekeepers low, then nearly 100 of our crops could be left without pollination. Large scale production of certain crops could be impossible, such as fruits and vegetables like apples, blueberries,broccoli and almonds could become rare to find.
-Hackenbergs vanishing bees lead the authors to think that the cause was varroa mites.
-The parasites were responsible for 45 percent drop in number of managed bee colonies worldwide between 1987 and 2006.
-Tests also detected usual suspects in bee disease. Gut contents were found spores of nosema, single-celled fungal parasites that can cause bee dysentery.
-Spores counts in samples were not high enough to explain losses. Molecular analysis by Diana Cox
-Foster revealed surprising levels of viral infections of various known types. No single pathogen found in the insects could explain scale of disappearance.
-Bees were all sick, but each colony seemed to suffer from different combination of diseases.
-Authors hypothesized that something had compromised bees' immune system, making them susceptible to any number of infections that normal colonies can fend off.
-Spring 2007- authors task force began countrywide surveys of all aspects of colony management, interviewing operators that encountered CCD and those that haven't.
-One theory favored was that bees were poisoned by pollen from genetically modified crops, specifically Bt crops.
-The crops have a gene for insecticidal toxin. But the toxin only becomes activated in guts of caterpillars, mosquitoes and some beetles. Digestive tracts of the bees don't allow Bt to work.
-Another theory is blaming synthetic poisons. Two main suspects were acaricides, the chemicals beekeepers use to control mites and pesticides. Either could be on pollinated crops.
-By 2006, there were newer types of pesticides that replaced older ones. One was neonicotinoids, being blamed by beekeepers in France for harming insect pollinators.
Other experts suspected that bees' natural defense might bee undermined by poor nutrition.
-Honeybees no longer have the same number or variety of flowers available because humans tried to "neaten" the environment.
-To bees and other pollinators, green lawns look like deserts. Diets of honeybees that pollinate large acreages of one crop may lack important nutrients, compared to pollinators that feed from multiples. -Beekeepers attempted to manage the concerns by developing protein supplements to feed colonies, but have not prevented CCD.
With no dead bees to study, the team decided to collect live bees from apiaries in the midst of collapse. -Bees were collected in alcohol for varroa and nosema counts.
-Broad-spectrum analysis, sensitive to insecticides, herbicides and fungicides found more than 170 different chemicals. Most stored pollen samples contained 5 or more different compounds, and some contained as many as 35.
-But although both levels and diversity of chemicals are of concern, none is the cause of CCD. Healthy colonies sometimes had higher levels of some chemicals than colonies with CCD.
B:Summarize the AUTHOR's main point or idea - at LEAST 1-2 paragraphs:
The authors Diana Cox-Foster and Dennis vanEngelsdorp tried to find out the cause of CCD. There were suspected factors, like poor nutrition and exposure to pesticides. After various testing and sampling from Cox-Foster and vanEngelsdorp and schools like Pennsylvania State University, they found a virus never identified in the U.S. It is called Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus, or IAPV. It was found in almost all colonies with CCD, but IAPV was alone couldn't cause CCD. The other factors, poor nutrition and exposure to pesticides lead to CCD.
The authors Diana Cox-Foster and Dennis vanEngelsdorp tried to find out the cause of CCD. There were suspected factors, like poor nutrition and exposure to pesticides. After various testing and sampling from Cox-Foster and vanEngelsdorp and schools like Pennsylvania State University, they found a virus never identified in the U.S. It is called Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus, or IAPV. It was found in almost all colonies with CCD, but IAPV was alone couldn't cause CCD. The other factors, poor nutrition and exposure to pesticides lead to CCD.
C:Write a reaction paragraph to the article stating your own thoughts on the topic:
In my opinion, this article was very interesting. The CCD and the reasoning behind it got me hooked. I think the authors of this article did a great job to finding the factors of CCD and all of the time invested in finding the cause was well worth it. I believe that the author's couldn't have found out about IAVP fast enough and that could hurt our crops and food supply.
In my opinion, this article was very interesting. The CCD and the reasoning behind it got me hooked. I think the authors of this article did a great job to finding the factors of CCD and all of the time invested in finding the cause was well worth it. I believe that the author's couldn't have found out about IAVP fast enough and that could hurt our crops and food supply.
So what?
If their are no bee's then many tree's and flowers die because none of them can pollinate.
Say who?
Diane Cox-Foster
What if?
Our food supply would be destroyed and the ancient relationship between pollinators and plants would be destroyed.
What does it remind you?
The Bee Movie
If their are no bee's then many tree's and flowers die because none of them can pollinate.
Say who?
Diane Cox-Foster
What if?
Our food supply would be destroyed and the ancient relationship between pollinators and plants would be destroyed.
What does it remind you?
The Bee Movie