Topic: The Horse and the Urban Environment
Author: Environmental Literacy Council
Main Points:
Author: Environmental Literacy Council
Main Points:
- No environmental was as encompassing as produced by the horse in the 19th century
- Severe problem was from horses manure and urine
- horses produced between fifteen and thirty-five pounds of manure a day and about a quart of urine
- NYC Council tried to control the manure in 1818 by loading manure in manure-yards
- The stench was considered a health hazard in the 19th century
- The manure produced large number of flies that can cause diseases like typhoid
- public health officials had largely accepted the bacterial theory of disease and had identified the "queen of the dung-heap" or fly, as a major source
- the noise created by horses' iron shoes and the iron-tired wheels of cars and wagons on cobblestone streets was a constant annoyance
- Urban life was hard on the horse
- Horses were whipped to pull heavy loads
- Mistreated horses died on the streets
- Disposal of dead horses spurred a problem
- Trains replaced horses by 1888. Pollution from streetcars were reduced and moved from a non-point source (horse) to a point source (coal plant)
Author Points:
Authors message about this article is that horses polluted the environment through their feces and urine. Horses produce 15 to 35 pounds of feces a day and about a quart of urine. The New York City devised a plan to place all of the feces in 'manure-yards'. The smell caused many flies to be around the area. Those flies caused a threat: they had contain diseases like typhoid. The noise created by horse's iron shoes and the iron-tired wheels of cars and wagons on the cobblestone streets was a continuous irritation to the people in the area of them. Trains started to replace the horse. Then, the car and from then on after it was another blow to the horse.
Authors message about this article is that horses polluted the environment through their feces and urine. Horses produce 15 to 35 pounds of feces a day and about a quart of urine. The New York City devised a plan to place all of the feces in 'manure-yards'. The smell caused many flies to be around the area. Those flies caused a threat: they had contain diseases like typhoid. The noise created by horse's iron shoes and the iron-tired wheels of cars and wagons on the cobblestone streets was a continuous irritation to the people in the area of them. Trains started to replace the horse. Then, the car and from then on after it was another blow to the horse.
My thoughts:
After reading this article I believe that horses seem to bless of a pollution to the environment than trains and cars. The train's run off of coal leads to mercury pollution in bodies of waters. This leads to the fish we catch containing mercury that has the potential to poison the humans or other fish that eat them. Cars pollute from the CO2 coming out of the exhaust pipe.
After reading this article I believe that horses seem to bless of a pollution to the environment than trains and cars. The train's run off of coal leads to mercury pollution in bodies of waters. This leads to the fish we catch containing mercury that has the potential to poison the humans or other fish that eat them. Cars pollute from the CO2 coming out of the exhaust pipe.
So what?
Horses aren't used for transportation anymore and its cause of modern transportation took it over.
What if?
Vehicles weren't invented?
Says who?
Environmental Literacy Council
What does this remind me of?
All the modern stuff that is being invented and ruining the world.
Horses aren't used for transportation anymore and its cause of modern transportation took it over.
What if?
Vehicles weren't invented?
Says who?
Environmental Literacy Council
What does this remind me of?
All the modern stuff that is being invented and ruining the world.